3 Table 2 lists advantages and disadvantages of ICP-MS compared to other techniques such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), flame atomic emission (flame photometry), flame atomic absorption, graphite furnace atomic absorption and cold vapour/hydride generation atomic absorption. This review will focus on the analytical aspects underlying ICP-MS.Īlthough ICP-MS was first developed over 30 years ago, a number of older techniques are still in use by some laboratories. 2 A wide range of analytical techniques have historically been used for trace element analysis. Other elements such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead are known to exert toxic effects (often through a variety of different mechanisms), and are therefore measured to assess exposure. 1 Disturbances in normal homeostasis of these elements may cause (or be a symptom of) one or more pathophysiological conditions. 1 These elements play important roles in a wide range of biological processes including electron transport, oxygen transport, hormone synthesis and catalysis of biological reactions. ![]() Elements monitored for nutritional purposes include essential elements such as iodine, manganese, copper, selenium and zinc. Table 1 lists a number of elements of clinical interest, along with an approximate guide to the concentration ranges which may be encountered in biological samples. ![]() The measurement of trace elements in biological samples is useful in a large number of clinical settings.
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